水处理无机混凝剂的研究进展

概略评述了国内外无机混凝剂的研究进展。无机混凝剂可分为铝盐类、铁盐类、铁铝复合类、活化硅酸等,聚合氯化铝（简称ＰＡＣ）是目前水处理中广泛应用的无机高分子混凝剂。无机复合类混凝剂是近来年发展十分迅速的水处理剂,聚硅酸铝盐类是其中的代表。文中对无机混凝剂今后的研究工作提出了建议,认为在无机混凝剂的研制开发中,要加强应用基础性研究,产品多样化、专门化,要降低生产成本,提高产品质量,进行优化研究。     

废钻井液污染分析及处理方法的探讨

为解决废钻井液对周围环境的污染,介绍了废钻井液的成分及对环境的影响,分析了国内外废钻井液处理方法的优缺点,详细阐述了中原油田结合本单位情况,用无害化处理技术处理废钻井液的方法和效果。试验表明：无害化处理剂中的各组分与废钻井液中各污染因子发生化学和物理作用,经３～５个月固化后可以达到无害化处理的目的。分析认为：中原油田钻井废弃物无害化处理技术是切实可行的。     

氯氟烃替代物大气化学研究

大气平流层臭氧（大气臭氧层）由于能够吸收太阳辐射中的高能量紫外线,对人类和生物起着非常重要的保护作用,氯氟烃类化合物（ＣＦＣｓ）已被认为是造成大气平流层臭氧耗损的主要原因,淘汰ＣＦＣｓ和使用替代物日趋紧迫,目前,最有应用前景的替代物是含氢氧氟烃类化合物（ＨＣＦＣｓ）和氢氟烃类化合物（ＨＦＣｓ）,其中有些已投入工业使用,本文总结 了ＨＣＦＣｓ和ＨＦＣｓ在气中的光化学降解机制及其产物,以及产物对环境的     

天然水体中铝浓度的预测方法探讨

本文概括了天然水体中铝的形态分类和地球化学行为,综述了天然水体中Ａｌ＾３＋和有机铝的浓度的预测方法,提出了由矿物浓度积,无机铝和有机铝经验关系式,有机铝模型辅以配体浓度和热力学常数预测天然水体中各形态铝的浓度的方法。     

桐油水解制备咪唑啉缓蚀剂及其量子化学研究

目的 开发原料价廉易得、能实际应用的缓蚀剂。方法 以桐油为原料,水解后得到桐油酸,然后与二乙烯三胺经过酰胺化和环化反应,生成桐油咪唑啉缓蚀剂。在模拟现场环境的条件下对所合成的桐油咪唑啉缓蚀剂进行电化学测试和高温高压性能评价。利用量子化学计算对桐油咪唑啉缓蚀剂的分子动力学进行模拟,探讨其在Fe表面的吸附作用。结果 红外光谱显示,桐油水解后可生成桐油酸,最终合成物为桐油咪唑啉。电化学测试表明,随着桐油咪唑啉缓蚀剂添加量的增大,20#测试钢片的自腐蚀电位逐渐提高,腐蚀电流降低。高温高压模拟实验显示,加入油酸咪唑啉后,腐蚀速率明显降低,由0.3181 mm/a降到了0.0392 mm/a。量子化学计算表明,桐油咪唑啉分子中的咪唑啉环会平行吸附于铁表面,形成一层缓蚀剂膜。结论 价廉易得的桐油经水解后可得桐油酸,再与二乙烯三胺经过酰胺化和环化反应最终合成了桐油咪唑啉缓蚀剂。该缓蚀剂添加量越大,对20#钢片的缓蚀效果越好,呈现出了较好的缓蚀效果,其分子结构中的咪唑环能平行吸附于铁表面,属于抑制阳极型缓蚀剂。     

ICP-AES法测定大气降水中微量金属元素

利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对降水中的Al、Ba、Cr、Fe、Ni、Ti和Zn 7种微量金属元素进行了同时测定。通过信噪比选取了这7种元素的最佳分析谱线和最优仪器测试条件。在此条件下,7种元素的线性相关系数r均大于0.999,6次测试样品的相对标准偏差均小于5%,Al、Ba、Cr、Fe、Ni、Ti和Zn的检出限分别为0.79、0.34、0.33、0.25、0.54、0.08和0.85μg/L。空白加标回收率为93.24%~100.88%,该方法操作简单、准确、快速,适用于大气降水中多种微量金属元素的同时测定。     

石油化工行业特征挥发性有机物主要成分研究

2014年青奥会期间,南京市采用苏玛罐采样和GC-MS分析的方法对2家石油化工企业部分典型工艺的特征挥发性有机物进行监测分析.结果表明:石油化工行业挥发性有机物主要组分为烷烃、苯系物、含氧有机物、卤代烃和烯烃;主要特征污染物包括异丁烷、正戊烷、正丁烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醛、丙酮、二氯乙烷、三氯苯等.对石油化工行业挥发性有机物主要成分分析,为“十三五”开展的石油化工行业自行监测和环境管理提供了基础资料.     

Ionic imbalance due to hydrogen carbonate from Asian dust

In an attempt to identify the ionic imbalance, hydrogen carbonate, HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate), was determined together with the commonly determined nine major ions because the imbalance was frequently encountered in the chemical analysis of samples with high pHs. Titration method was applied for the determination of the samples with pH higher than 5.6. These samples amounted to 102 of the 1536 samples collected in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, from April 1998 to December 2002. Of the 102 samples, 74 (Group A) showed an acceptable ion balance without including HCO₃⁻. In the other 28 (Group B), however, inclusion of HCO₃⁻ successfully improved the ion balance. These results suggested that hydrogen carbonate was a potential candidate for explaining the imbalance. The hydrogen carbonate concentrations showed a strong correlation with the corresponding non-sea salt calcium (nss-Ca²⁺) concentrations, which implied that hydrogen carbonate was derived from calcium carbonate particles incorporated into falling raindrops or cloud droplets. For Group A, the relationship between hydrogen carbonate and the nss-calcium ion concentration was very similar to that for commonly suspended particles in Hokkaido. On the other hand, Group B exhibited a stronger but significantly different correlation. To the samples of Group B, a back-trajectory analysis was applied to demonstrate that the samples were associated with aerosol travelling from Northern China or Mongolia, which indicated that alkaline aerosol affected the chemistry. In consideration of these findings, the current standard of the ion balance should be critically reviewed for modification in regard to the contribution of hydrogen carbonate not only in source areas but also in receptor areas of alkaline aerosol.     

Intercomparison between TRIO-EF and IMPACT codes with reference to experimental strontium migration data

This work presents an intercomparison exercise between two geochemical migration codes, TRIO-EF (an object-oriented finite element code) and IMPACT (a chemical engineering code using mixing cells in series). The predictions of the two codes are compared with the reference experimental results obtained in a previous study of strontium transport in soil columns. This simulated geochemical system is well documented and includes ion exchange and dissolution-precipitation reactions. The solution transport is simulated by a one-dimensional advection-dispersion model. The predictions of TRIO-EF and IMPACT are both in good agreement with the experimental results. However, slight differences can be observed between the two codes, especially when concentration discontinuities are involved, such as precipitation fronts or changes in boundary conditions. These discrepancies between the two codes can mainly be attributed to the different discretisation approaches.     

湖北省湖泊水环境化学特征及其与人类活动的关系

通过对湖北省近３０个湖泊水环境化学的分析，探讨了湖北省湖泊水质状况和湖水的化学稳定性，指出远离工业区和居民生活区的湖泊水质一般较好，城区或城效型湖泊在不同程度上受到了工业废水和生活污水的影响。控制，消除湖泊污染是今后经济、社会和环境建设不可忽视的重要工作。